完形填空精确解题的“六字要诀”
作者：闫海燕（山西大同北岳中学）
来源：《第二课堂》（初中版）2017年第11期
完形填空是中考英语考试试题中一个综合性非常强的题型，它既考查学生对词语、语法、句型等入门知识的综合运用能力，又考查学生对短文的阅读理解、剖析判断、逻辑推理等能力，是很多同学最易丢分的一道题。下同为同学们介绍能迅速且精确解答英语完形填空题的“六字要诀”，期望对大伙有所帮助。
1、略读
略读就是要迅速通读全文，知道全文的大体脉络和体裁。第一遍要略读，不必急于选择答案，而是可以跳过选项通读全篇，知道短文中的时间、地址、人物及事件发生的大体过程。在阅读时要特别关注全文的首尾段，各段的首尾句，由于这类地方总是会是全文的主旨句，是画龙点睛之笔，利于学会短文的主旨大意。
2、细读
通过略读，便可以在基本学会短文大意的首要条件下细读全文，并结合上下文的内容、句子结构、固定搭配等进行斟酌，选择符合题意的选项。这一遍的阅读要遵循词不离句、句不离文的原则。既要考虑词的使用方法与语法结构，又要考虑逻辑推理和背景常识等原因，选项要为文章的主题服务。
3、重读
在确定了选项之后，最后要携带答案重读一遍文章，这一步骤很重点。重读文章要看句子是不是顺畅，语法是不是正确，内容是不是与主题一致，表述是不是符合英语的表达习惯，上下文的衔接是不是合理。对有疑问的地方要仔细推敲，直到自己觉得认可为止。
下面以2017年湖南长沙中考英语完形填空题为例，具体剖析怎么样运用“六字要诀”解答完形填空题。
A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. The young daughter was a little bit tired, so they took a ___31___ on the bench . When the daughter saw an old man selling apples, she asked her father to buy her an apple. Her father didn’t bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So he did, and gave ___32___ of them to his daughter, smiling.
His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bitefrom one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple.
The father was ___35___. He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedyway. He was lost in thought. Perhaps he was just thinking too much. His daughter was too ___36___ to understand about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face.
Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.” Her father was speechless. He felt ___38___ about making the judgmentso quickly about a small child. But his smile ___39___ knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple.
Don’t judge anything or draw a conclusiontoo quickly. ___40___ spare some more time to understand things better.
31. A. walk B. shower C. break
32. A. both B. either C. neither
33. A. cut B. wash C. share
34. A. first B. second C. third
35. A. satisfied B. surprised C. moved
36. A. brave B. silly C. young
37. A. sweeter B. bitterer C. saltier
38. A. proud B. great C. bad
39. A. went away B. came back C. ran off
40. A. Always B. Never C. Seldom
第一步：略读
大家通过迅速通读全文获悉，本文说的是一个爸爸和他女儿由于两个苹果而引发的考虑。本文的第二段很重要，His daughter held one apple in her left hand and the other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could ___33___ one of the apples with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bitefrom one apple. And before her father could speak, she also took a bite from the ___34___ apple. 当女儿听到父亲想要和她推荐她的苹果时，女儿飞快地把她自己手里的苹果分别咬了一口。文章在这里出现疑问了，父亲不解为何会发生这种情况，他猜测了发生如此事情是什么原因。可是，伴随故事的进步，第三段的第一句话是另外一个重点，大家在阅读的时候需要特别注意。Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.”，女儿的话排除去爸爸的疑问，引出了全文的一个结论：大家不应该对一件事情非常快地下结论，大家应该多花点时间去更好地知道事情的真相。
第二步：细读
这次大家在知道了全文大意的状况下，逐一认真选择答案。
31. 依据上文的The young daughter was a little bit tired可推断他们是要休息一会儿，故选break，即选 C。
32. 依据but it was enough to buy two apples可知，这位父亲买了两个苹果，故选 both，即选A。
33. 依据下文内容和普通的经验和知识，大家推断，这位父亲可能是想同女儿推荐苹果，但到底是否如此呢？暂时不可以完全确定，大家继续往后读。
34. 依据本段的意思可知，女儿手中共有两个苹果，先咬了其中一个苹果，接着又咬了另一个苹果，即第二个苹果，故选 second，即选 B。
35. 依据下文He wondered what mistake he made so that his daughter acted in such a greedyway，父亲对小姑娘的行为感到特别惊讶和不解。因此，大家选surprised，即选B。
36. 依据Perhaps he was just thinking too much. His daughter was too ___36___ to understand about sharing and giving这句话和 too…to…结构，大家推断爸爸觉得女儿是由于太小而不理解推荐和给予的意义。因此，本题选young，即选C。
37. 依据句子Suddenly, his daughter with an apple in her left hand said, “Daddy has this one! It is much juicier and ___37___.”，特别是词语juicier，大家了解女儿是要把那个汁多且更甜的苹果给父亲吃。因此，本题选sweeter，即选A。
38. 依据句子Her father was speechless可知，这位父亲之前误解了女儿，故选bad，即选C。
39. 依据空格后的knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple可知，这位父亲终于了解了女儿对每一个苹果都咬一口是什么原因，所以他脸上的笑容又回来了，故选came back，即选B。
40. 依据句子Don’t judge anything or draw a conclusiontoo quickly可知，作者给出的感悟是：大家不要过早地对一件事情下结论，而应要多花点时间去认识一下事情的真相，故选Always，即选A。
第三步：重读
这一遍大家要携带大家所选的答案进一步详细核对，看看大家对全文的理解是不是准确，同时，解决大家有疑问的选项。譬如，本文的第33题，大家当时没能完全确定这位父亲的想法。但通过细读下文的内容，把握了全文的主旨大意，于是可以一定此处是指父亲要要同女儿推荐苹果，即第33题应选share。
（编辑 陈根花）
